Effect of inter-aural temporal envelope differences on inter-aural time difference thresholds for amplitude modulated noise

ABSTRACT Purpose The inter-aural time difference (ITD) and inter-aural level difference (ILD) are important acoustic cues for horizontal localization and spatial release from masking. These cues are encoded based on inter-aural comparisons of tonotopically matched binaural inputs. Therefore, binaural coherence or the interaural spectro-temporal similarity is a pre-requisite for encoding ITD and ILD. The modulation depth of envelope is an important envelope characteristic that helps in encoding the envelope-ITD. However, inter-aural difference in modulation depth can result in reduced binaural coherence and poor representation of binaural cues as in the case with reverberation, noise and compression in cochlear implants and hearing aids. This study investigated the effect of inter-aural modulation depth difference on the ITD thresholds for an amplitude-modulated noise in normal hearing young adults. Methods An amplitude modulated high pass filtered noise with varying modulation depth differences was presented sequentially through headphones. In one ear, the modulation depth was retained at 90% and in the other ear it varied from 90% to 50%. The ITD thresholds for modulation frequencies of 8 Hz and 16 Hz were estimated as a function of the inter-aural modulation depth difference. Results The Friedman test findings revealed a statistically significant increase in the ITD threshold with an increase in the inter-aural modulation depth difference for 8 Hz and 16 Hz. Conclusion The results indicate that the inter-aural differences in the modulation depth negatively impact ITD perception for an amplitude-modulated high pass filtered noise.

Application of modified mucogingival surgery in the treatment of gingival recession / 口腔疾病防治

@#With the increasing demand for beauty, the treatment of gingival recession has become a common request among patients. Clinically, gingival recession is mainly treated by surgery. The common surgical methods include free gingival grafting, pedicled flap technology and double flap technology (subepithelial connective tissue transplantation combined with coronally advanced flaps). If patients with indications are selected, satisfactory surgical results will be obtained. However, there are still some shortcomings in the above mentioned methods, such as the root coverage effect not being satisfactory. In recent years, researchers have put forward some improved schemes to minimize the shortcomings of the above methods to treat different degrees of gingival recession. A gingival unit graft containing gingival papilla and free gingiva can improve the blood supply of the recipient area and improve the effect of root coverage. It can obtain better root coverage for slight retraction, widening of the angular gingiva and deepening of the vestibular sulcus, but there may be issues with inconsistent color and shape of the gingiva after surgery, as well as poor aesthetic effects. Modified coronally advanced flaps, flaps prepared by the technique of half-thickness, full-thickness and half-thickness, and modified coronally advanced envelope flap technology are designed with the most serious retraction teeth as the center in the case of multiple gingival retractions, both of which can improve the effect of root covering. Tunnel technology and modified tunnel technology, without severing the gingival papilla and tunneling the gingival flap to accommodate the graft, can effectively reduce tissue damage and promote wound healing. This paper reviews the literature and summarizes the outcome of the modified surgery techniques in the treatment of gingival recession. These treatment options for gingival recession are proposed with the aim of improving clinical work, and some suggestions for the treatment of gingival recession to achieve a stable root coverage effect are put forward. In the future, the development direction of mucogingival surgery is to reduce trauma and have a stable curative effect.

Key points to execute internal horizontal mattress suture in tissue augmentation / 口腔疾病防治

@#Ideal sutures can provide great fixation, wound closure and a stable environment for healing of the surgical site. Tension-free apposition sutures are important for tissue regeneration and could tackle insufficient amounts of soft and hard tissue, especially in missing tooth sites that require implantation. The internal horizontal mattress suture, similar to the conventional horizontal mattress suture, forms a rectangle that can be bisected by the incision with both intrusion and extrusion of the needle on each side. On the basis of the rectangle, the internal horizontal mattress suture emphasizes that the suture should be located below the incision, so the eversion of the wound margin is the highlight of this procedure. The internal horizontal mattress suture could stabilize the graft on the targeting tissue, realize the fixation of the collagen membrane, apically repositioned flap and soft tissue graft, reduce the tension on the incision, and further release the tension of the incision margin. Beyond the primary need for fixation and wound closure, internal horizontal mattress sutures can also achieve stress interruption that reduces the interference of the surrounding muscle and can better master wound tension with the assistance of interrupted sutures. Given the above advantages, horizontal internal mattress sutures have great potential in the application of implant-related regenerative surgery. In this review, according to our experience in clinical practice and the literature, we summarize the advantages of internal horizontal mattress sutures in tissue augmentation. In addition, the sites and sequence to insert the needle and the spatial relationship between the suture and incision are clarified with the rationale of the naming pattern, which is conducive to experience exchange and clinical practice.

Clinical significance of determining the serum levels of large, middle, and small hepatitis B virus surface proteins / 临床肝胆病杂志

This article reviews the research advances in large, middle, and small hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface proteins, including their gene structures, characteristics, detection methods, and clinical significance. Up to now, the clinical significance of large, middle, and small HBV surface proteins remains unclear and requires further studies.

Research progress in detection and clinical significance of three envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus / 中华检验医学杂志

The pre-S/S gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) can encode for the production of large, medium and small surface protein. Different protein expression levels and their composition ratios have certain influences on the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of HBV infection. It is of great significance to clarify the functions of large, medium and small surface protein as serum markers and to explore their value in the diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection. In this paper, the expression status, detection methods and clinical significance of the three HBV proteins were reviewed.

C-terminal Motifs of HIV-1 gp41 as Possible Determinants of Viral Pathogenesis / Motivos C-terminales de gp41 del VIH-1 como posibles determinantes de la patogénesis viral / Motivos C-terminais do HIV-1 gp41 como Possíveis Determinantes da Patogénese Viral

Abstract: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a pandemic with high economic and social costs. The envelope glycoprotein (ENV) of the virus mediates the infectious process by binding to and entering the host cell, one of the main target components of studies since its discovery. Its endodomain or C-terminal tail (CTT) participates in late replicative cycle processes, such as intracellular trafficking, activation, and cell death, which occurs because it interacts with multiple cellular factors through motifs or signal sequences present throughout its structure. Although these interactions have not been fully understood at specific levels, studies over more than three decades leave no doubtthatthis domain plays a fundamental role in the biology of the virus and probably the development of the disease. This review describes the studies carried out to date that demonstrate the importance of the CTT, focusing on the motifs responsible for its interactions and its possible roles in the pathogenicity of the infection.

Resumen: el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1 (VIH-1) es el agente etiológico del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adguirida (SIDA), una pandemia con altos costos económicos y sociales. La glicoproteína de la envoltura (ENV) del virus media el proceso infeccioso al unirse a la célula huésped y entrar en ella, uno de los principales componentes objetivo de los estudios desde su descubrimiento. Su endodominio o cola C-terminal (CTT) participa en procesos tardíos del ciclo replicativo, como tráfico intracelular, activación y muerte celular, lo que ocurre porque interactúa con múltiples factores celulares a través de motivos o secuencias señal presentes en toda su estructura. Aunque estas interacciones no se han entendido completamente a niveles específicos, los estudios durante más de tres décadas no dejan dudas de que este campo juega un papel fundamental en la biología del virus y probablemente en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Esta revisión describe los estudios realizados hasta la fecha que demuestran la importancia de la CTT, centrándose en los motivos responsables de sus interacciones y sus posibles roles en la patogenicidad de la infección.

Resumo: o vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 (HIV-1) é o agente etiológico da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AUXILIA), urna pandemia com elevados custos económicos e sociais. A glicoproteína do envelope (ENV) do vírus media o processo infeccioso ligando-se e entrando na célula hospedeira, um dos principais componentes alvo dos estudos desde sua descoberta. Seu endo domínio ou cauda C-terminal (CTT) participa de processos do ciclo replicativo tardio, como tráfego intracelular, ativação e morte celular, que ocorre porque interage com múltiplos fatores celulares por meio de motivos ou sequências-sinal presentes em toda a sua estrutura. Embora essas interações não tenham sido totalmente compreendidas em níveis específicos, estudos ao longo de mais de três décadas não deixam dúvidas de que esse domínio desempenha um papel fundamental na biologia do vírus e provavelmente no desenvolvimento da doença. Esta revisão descreve os estudos realizados até o momento que demonstram a importância da CTT, com foco nos motivos responsáveis por suas interações e seus possíveis papéis na patogenicidade da infecção.

Validación de una metodología para obtener la envolvente de ruptura al esfuerzo cortante en suelos no saturados compactados / Validation of a methodology to obtain the shear failure envelope of unsaturated compacted soils / Validação de uma metodologia para obter a envoltória de ruptura por cisalhamento em solos não saturados compactados

RESUMEN Obtener la envolvente de ruptura de suelos no saturados requiere de equipos especializados, de elevado costo y difícil acceso. Sin embargo, a través de ensayos de laboratorio simples combinados como corte directo, tracción indirecta y succión, es posible determinar la envolvente. La presente investigación busca, por tanto, validar dicha metodología, en un material limo de origen residual de la ciudad de Medellín-Antioquia, Colombia, compactado a la máxima densidad a través del ensayo Proctor normal. La validación se efectúa por medio de la repetitividad de una serie de ensayos de corte directo para diferentes valores de succión; comprobando que, es posible encontrar la envolvente de ruptura al corte de un suelo fino residual compactado, para distintas condiciones de succión, por medio de los ensayos de laboratorio de corte directo en condición consolidada y drenada, succión por el método del papel filtro y tracción indirecta, cuando no se cuenta con equipos de corte con succión controlada.

ABSTRACT Obtaining the failure envelope of unsaturated soils requires specialized equipment, which is expensive and difficult to access. Nevertheless, by combining simple laboratory tests like direct shear test on saturated samples, indirect tension test, and soil suction measurements by filter paper it is also possible to determine the envelope. This research aims to validate this latter methodology on a residual origin silt material from the city of Medellin, Colombia, which is compacted to the maximum dry density through the standard proctor test. The validation is carried out by repeating a series of direct shear tests for different suction values. It was verified that it is possible to find the shear failure envelope of a compacted fine-grained residual soil for different suction conditions, using the direct shear test under consolidated drained conditions, suction by the filter paper method, and the indirect tension test, when no suction controlled shear equipment is available.

RESUMO A obtenção da envoltória de ruptura de solos não saturados com controle de sucção requer equipamentos especiais, que são caros e de difícil acesso. No entanto, através de ensaios simples laboratoriais combinados, tais como os de cisalhamento direto, tração indireta e sucção, é possível determinar a envoltória de resistência. A presente investigação procura validar esta metodologia, usando um material siltoso de origem residual da cidade de Medellin-Antioquia, Colômbia, compactado na condição de densidade máxima obtida no ensaio de compactação Proctor normal. A validação é feita por meio da realização de uma série de ensaios de cisalhamento direto para diferentes valores de sucção; mostrando que é possível encontrar a envoltória de ruptura de um solo fino residual compactado, para diferentes condições de sucção, por meio de ensaios laboratoriais de cisalhamento direto consolidados drenados, sucção determinada pelo método do papel de filtro e ensaio de tração indireta, quando não se dispõe de equipamento de cisalhamento direto à sucção controlada.

Distal-triangular flap design for impacted mandibular third molars: a randomized controlled trial / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This prospective study was performed to evaluate whether the distal-triangular flap was a practical alternative surgical approach for extracting mandibular third molars.@*METHODS@#Sixty participants with impacted mandibular third molars were randomly divided into three groups: group A, distal-triangular flap; group B, Szmyd flap; and group C, envelope flap. The impacted third molars were extracted by the corresponding flapping method. During a three-month follow-up observation after the extraction, the postoperative pain, swelling, mouth opening, and periodontal status were recorded and analyzed by ANOVA and chi-square tests.@*RESULTS@#The 60 participants had successful extraction and 3-month follow-up observation. No participant suffered from postoperative infections, lower lip disorder, or tongue sensory disorders. No statistical differences were found in the postoperative symptoms and signs of the three flap designs, such as postoperative pain, swelling, mouth opening, and periodontal status (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The distal-triangular flap was as safe and reliable as the Szmyd and envelope flaps but more advantageous because of its convenient operative field exposure and low requirement for the patient's mouth opening. Thus, the distal-triangular flap is one of the alternative flap options for extracting impacted mandibular third molars.

Molecular mechanism of resistance to VRC01 neutralization in HIV-1 subtype B′ strains / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism of VRC01 resistance in HIV-1 subtype B′ strains isolated from a patient (DRVI01) with broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb).Methods:Sequences of the HIV-1 subtype B′ strains isolated from patient DRVI01 were compared with those of HIV-1 subtype B′ strains that were isolated at the same time but sensitive to VRC01 antibody. Key amino acids that might affect the neutralization of VRC01 were selected according to literature reports. Effects of the selected amino acids on VRC01 neutralization were verified by site-directed mutation and sequence exchange of membrane proteins from different patients.Results:Single-point mutations of E279D and R282K in LoopD region and N460A and N463Q in V5 region reversed the viral sensitivity to VRC01 neutralization. Combined mutations in two or three above-mentioned sites significantly increased the viral sensitivity to VRC01 antibody compared with single-point mutations. Contrary to literature reports, the glycosylation site mutation of N276 had no influence on the viral sensitivity to VRC01.Conclusions:HIV-1 subtype B′ strains isolated from patient DRV01 with bNAb carried the mutations of D279 and K282 in LoopD region and N460 and N463 in V5 region, resulting in resistance to VRC01 antibody.

Heart sound classification based on sub-band envelope and convolution neural network / 生物医学工程学杂志

Automatic classification of heart sounds plays an important role in the early diagnosis of congenital heart disease. A kind of heart sound classification algorithms based on sub-band envelope feature and convolution neural network was proposed in this paper, which did not need to segment the heart sounds according to cardiac cycle accurately. Firstly, the heart sound signal was divided into some frames. Then, the frame level heart sound signal was filtered with Gammatone filter bank to obtain the sub-band signals. Next, the sub-band envelope was extracted by Hilbert transform. After that, the sub-band envelope was stacked into a feature map. Finally, type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ convolution neural network were selected as classifier. The result shown that the sub-band envelope feature was better in type Ⅰ than type Ⅱ. The algorithm is tested with 1 000 heart sound samples. The test results show that the overall performance of the algorithm proposed in this paper is significantly improved compared with other similar algorithms, which provides a new method for automatic classification of congenital heart disease, and speeds up the process of automatic classification of heart sounds applied to the actual screening.

Método conglomerado-análisis discriminante-análisis envolvente de datos para clasificar y evaluar eficiencia empresarial / Conglomerate method-discriminant analysis-data envelopment analysis to classify and evaluate business efficient / Análise de cluster-discriminatória-análise de envelopes de dados para classificar e avaliar a eficiência do negócio

RESUMEN En esta investigación se desarrolla un método que integra herramientas de análisis multivariado con el objetivo de identificar perfiles característicos de las pequeñas y medianas empresas exportadoras pequeñas y evaluar su eficiencia empresarial, de manera que se apoyen procesos de mejora en sus resultados. Para lo anterior se revisaron elementos teóricos asociados a la eficiencia empresarial y el cálculo estadístico multivariado, lo que permitió desarrollar una metodología que integra el análisis de conglomerados, análisis discriminante y análisis envolvente de datos para evaluar la eficiencia empresarial. Se analizaron 45 empresas pequeñas y medianas exportadoras de Cartagena-Colombia, en las que se identificaron 3 perfiles característicos con niveles promedio de eficiencia de 71,89% el uno, 70,93% el dos y 51,25% tres. El análisis discriminante mostró la pertinencia y relevancia de los perfiles identificados lográndose un 95,6% de clasificación correcta del modelo discriminante. Se concluye que las herramientas de cálculo multivariado analizadas en esta investigación son significativas para clasificar y evaluar la eficiencia de grupos empresariales. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL C19, O11, O32

ABSTRACT This research develops a method that integrates multivariate analysis tools with the aim of identifying characteristic profiles of small and medium-sized small exporting companies and evaluating their business efficiency so that improvement processes are supported in their results. For the above, theoretical elements associated with business efficiency and multivariate statistical calculation were reviewed, which develops a methodology that integrates cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and data envelopment analysis to evaluate business efficiency. 45 small and medium exporting companies from Cartagena-Colombia were analyzed, in which 3 characteristic profiles were identified with average efficiency levels of 71.89% for one, 70.93% for two and 51.25% for three. The discriminant analysis selected the relevance and relevance of the identified profiles, registering 95.6% of correct classification of the discriminant model. It is concluded that the multivariate calculation tools analyzed in this research are analyzed to classify and evaluate the efficiency of business groups. JEL CLASSIFICATION C19, O11, O32

RESUMO Nesta investigação é desenvolvido um método que integra ferramentas de análise multivariada com o objectivo de identificar perfis característicos das pequenas e médias empresas exportadoras e avaliar a sua eficiência empresarial, de forma a apoiar os processos de melhoria dos seus resultados. Para o efeito, foram revistos elementos teóricos associados à eficiência empresarial e ao cálculo estatístico multivariado, o que permitiu desenvolver uma metodologia que integra análise de clusters, análise discriminante e análise envolvente de dados para avaliar a eficiência empresarial. Foram analisadas quarenta e cinco pequenas e médias empresas de exportação em Cartagena-Colômbia, identificando três perfis característicos com níveis médios de eficiência de 71,89% para uma, 70,93% para duas e 51,25% para três. A análise discriminante mostrou a pertinência e relevância dos perfis identificados, atingindo 95,6% da classificação correcta do modelo discriminante. Conclui-se que as ferramentas de cálculo multivariado analisadas nesta investigação são significativas para classificar e avaliar a eficiência dos grupos empresariais. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL C19, O11, O32

Eficiencia en la educación superior. Estudio empírico en universidades públicas de Colombia y España / Eficiência no ensino superior. Estudo empírico em universidades públicas da Colômbia e Espanha / Efficiency in higher education. Empirical study in public universities of Colombia and Spain

Resumen En las últimas décadas, las universidades de Iberoamérica han introducido nuevos esquemas de evaluación de calidad y rendición de cuentas, inspirados en el modelo de la nueva gestión pública (NGP). En este contexto, la eficiencia en el reparto de los fondos públicos y la obtención del máximo rendimiento posible son una prioridad. Así, medir la eficiencia en el sector público, y específicamente en la educación superior, se ha convertido en un desafío para la ciencia contable. El objetivo de este trabajo es una propuesta para el cálculo de índices de eficiencia con modelos de análisis envolvente de datos (DEA), introduciendo un paso previo a través del análisis de correlación canónica (ACC). A través de esta técnica se pretende mejorar la capacidad de discriminación y superar la monodimensionalidad y falta de confiabilidad en la representatividad de las variables input y output elegidas. El estudio se aplicó en las universidades públicas de Colombia y España durante los años 2015 y 2016. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la conveniencia de aplicar este paso preliminar en el análisis multivariante. Con ello, se refuerza la necesidad de explorar metodologías más rigurosas en etapas previas y posteriores al cálculo de los índices de eficiencia, que permitan generar confianza, a efectos de ser utilizados en la formulación de políticas y gestión de recursos para el sector.

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, as universidades iberoamericanas introduziram novos esquemas de avaliação e prestação de contas, inspirados no modelo da Nova Gestão Pública (NGP). Nesse contexto, a eficiência na distribuição de recursos públicos e a obtenção do máximo retorno possível são uma prioridade. Assim, medir a eficiência no setor público, e especificamente no ensino superior, tornou-se um desafio para a ciência contábil. O objetivo deste trabalho é uma proposta para o cálculo de índices de eficiência com os modelos DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), introduzindo uma etapa anterior da Análise de Correlação Canônica (ACC). O objetivo dessa técnica é melhorar a capacidade de discriminação e superar a monodimensionalidade e a falta de confiabilidade no quão representativas são as variáveis de entrada e saída escolhidas. O estudo é aplicado nas universidades públicas da Colômbia e Espanha durante os anos de 2015 e 2016. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a conveniência de aplicar esta etapa preliminar na análise multivariada. Isso reforça a necessidade de explorar metodologias mais rigorosas nas etapas antes e depois do cálculo dos índices de eficiência, os quais gerarão confiança, para serem utilizados na formulação de políticas e gestão de recursos para o setor.

Abstract In recent decades, Iberoamerican universities have introduced new quality assessment and accountability schemes, inspired by the New Public Management (NGP) model. In this context, efficiency in the distribution of public funds and obtaining the maximum possible return are a priority. Thus, measuring efficiency in the public sector, and specifically in higher education, has become a challenge for accounting science. The objective of this work is a proposal to calculate efficiency indices with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, introducing a previous step through the Analysis of Canonical Correlation (ACC). Using this technique, the aim is to improve discrimination capacity and overcome monodimensionality and lack of reliability in the representativeness of the chosen input and output variables. The study is applied in the public universities of Colombia and Spain during the years 2015 and 2016. The results obtained demonstrate the convenience of applying this preliminary step in the multivariate analysis. This reinforces the need to explore more rigorous methodologies in stages before and after the calculation of the efficiency indices. This practice increases confidence when using the indices to formulate policies and manage resources for the sector.

Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods

SARS-CoV-2 has caused tens of thousands of infections and more than one thousand deaths. There are currently no registered therapies for treating coronavirus infections. Because of time consuming process of new drug development, drug repositioning may be the only solution to the epidemic of sudden infectious diseases. We systematically analyzed all the proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2 genes, compared them with proteins from other coronaviruses, predicted their structures, and built 19 structures that could be done by homology modeling. By performing target-based virtual ligand screening, a total of 21 targets (including two human targets) were screened against compound libraries including ZINC drug database and our own database of natural products. Structure and screening results of important targets such as 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Spike, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and papain like protease (PLpro) were discussed in detail. In addition, a database of 78 commonly used anti-viral drugs including those currently on the market and undergoing clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 was constructed. Possible targets of these compounds and potential drugs acting on a certain target were predicted. This study will provide new lead compounds and targets for further and studies of SARS-CoV-2, new insights for those drugs currently ongoing clinical studies, and also possible new strategies for drug repositioning to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Expression and Purification of Recombinant Mayaro Virus Envelope Glycoproteins E1 and E2 to Develop a Mayaro Virus Detection System

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that produces an acute, usually non-fatal, febrile illness including Mayaro fever. Like other alphaviruses, the MAYV E1 and E2 envelope glycoproteins are major viral surface antigens that play a key role in host recognition and infection. Here, we report expression and purification methods for recombinant MAYV E1 (rE1) and rE2 using a baculovirus system. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) revealed that rE1 and rE2 were antigenic and reacted with human anti-MAYV IgG and IgM. Cross-reactivity was also confirmed with human anti-Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) IgG and IgM. Furthermore, we developed an immunochromatographic strip test (IST) with rE2 to diagnose MAYV infection. Thus, purified rE2 may be valuable tool for rapidly diagnosing MAYV infection.

Nuclear Envelope Protein MAN1 Regulates the Drosophila Circadian Clock via Period / 神经科学通报·英文版

Almost all organisms exhibit ~24-h rhythms, or circadian rhythms, in a plentitude of biological processes. These rhythms are driven by endogenous molecular clocks consisting of a series of transcriptional and translational feedback loops. Previously, we have shown that the inner nuclear membrane protein MAN1 regulates this clock and thus the locomotor rhythm in flies, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we further confirmed the previous findings and found that knocking down MAN1 in the pacemaker neurons of adult flies is sufficient to lengthen the period of the locomotor rhythm. Molecular analysis revealed that knocking down MAN1 led to reduced mRNA and protein levels of the core clock gene period (per), likely by reducing its transcription. Over-expressing per rescued the long period phenotype caused by MAN1 deficiency whereas per mutation had an epistatic effect on MAN1, indicating that MAN1 sets the pace of the clock by targeting per.

Maxillary anterior prosthetic treatment concerning anterior guidance of a patient who lost stable holding contact / 대한치과보철학회지

Recently, many patients undergo anterior prosthetic treatment for esthetic reasons. In some patients complain about functional reasons such as inaccurate pronunciation and occlusal discomfort after the treatment. Anterior teeth are important esthetically but in the occlusal point of view, anterior guidance is the second most important factor in occlusion, next to centric relation. Failure to determine an appropriate anterior guidance might lead to posterior occlusal interference, which can highly affect the stability of the posterior teeth. Also, discomfort might occur if the customized interior guidance is not in harmony with the patient's envelope of function. The patient in this case complained of overall discomfort in the maxillary anterior area after prosthetic treatment. The expressed difficulty in pronunciation, unstable occlusion due to lack of stable holding contact and discomfort of the facial muscles. Maxillary anterior prostheses were refabricated through systematic diagnosis and treatment and thus, this case presents esthetical and functional satisfaction to both the patient and the dentist.

A non-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening zika virus envelope protein / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a non-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on zika virus envelope (E) protein for detecting the expression of E protein in infected cells.@*METHODS@#Adherent Vero-143 cells infected with zika virus in a 96-well plate were fixed, and the antibodies against zika virus E protein were added at an optimized concentration to establish the non-coated ELISA method for E protein. The antiviral activities of lignans compound C1 was evaluated using this method. The accuracy of this non-coated ELISA was verified by RT-PCR, and the cross reaction with dengue virus was assessed.@*RESULTS@#After optimization, the background absorbance at 450 nm of uninfected cells was reduced to about 0.20. The antiviral activities of lignans compound C1 detected by this method were basically consistent with the results of RT-PCR. No cross reaction with dengue virus was found in this assay.@*CONCLUSIONS@#A non- coated ELISA method based on zika virus E protein was established, which can be used for screening antiviral agents against zika virus.

Relationship between gH genotyping and clinical characteristics of children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#To study the relationship between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) envelope glycoprotein gene H and clinical features of children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection.@*Methods@#A cohort study was conducted. Newborns diagnosed with congenital cytomegalovirus infection, hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Children′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were included from July 2013 to December 2015.HCMV-DNA gH typing in urine, sputum or blood was conducted. Patients then were divided into gH1 group and gH2 group according to gH genotypes. Patients′ data during hospitalization in newborn and 3-5 years of follow-up were collected.The relationships between gH genotype and clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, hearing loss and neurological prognosis were analyzed by chi-square test, t test and non-parametric test.@*Results@#A total of 21 cases were enrolled as congenital HCMV infection and followed-up for 3-5 years. Among them, 14 (67%) were gH1 type and 7 (33%) were gH2 type. No mixed infection was found. In the two groups, there were no significant differences in the ratio of males (9/14 vs. 3/7,P=0.397), or birth weight ((2 609±686) vs. (3 021±451) g, t=-1.436, P=0.167). Gestational age of gH1 group was younger than that of gH2 group (38 (29-40) vs. 39(38-40) weeks, Z=-2.18, P=0.029). Moderate to severe hearing loss detected by neonatal auditory brainstem response were found in 40 ears (20 cases). It was higher in gH1 group than that in gH2 group (4/22 vs.0/18, χ2=5.145, P=0.023). In the imaging examination of the nervous system, the Alarcon score of gH1 group was lower than that of gH2 group (0.4±0.3 vs. 1.3±1.1, t=-2.459,P=0.024).No significant statistical difference was found in the probability of motor or language development lag in gH2 group and gH1 group (4/7 vs.4/14, P=0.346).@*Conclusions@#Compared with gH2 infection, gH1 infection in children has a younger gestational age. The major type of hearing loss in neonatal period is gH1 infection. Children with gH2 congenital infections are more likely to suffer from nervous systems damage.

Phellodendron amurense inhibited replication of herpes simplex virus type I / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To study the effects of Phellodendron amurense on herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and cytokines, and to explore the mechanism of Phellodendron amurense inhibiting HSV-1 virus through multiple channels.@*Methods@#Viruses were inoculated into medicine treated HeLa cells. The proliferation of virus was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The transcriptional levels of glycoprotein gD and functional protein US1 on the surface of virus envelope were detected by quantitative (q) PCR. After incubating HeLa cells for 24 h, qPCR was used to detect the expression of intrinsic immune factors such as IP-10, IL-12, IFN-gamma and transcription factor NF-kappa B (P65). The expression and nuclear location of NF-kappa B (P65) protein were detected by immunofluorescence.@*Results@#Fluorescence showed that the proliferation of virus decreased significantly at 8 and 40 ng/ml (P<0.01), and the transcription levels of viral protein gD and US1 decreased (P<0.05). After incubation for 24 hours, the transcription levels of IP-10, IL-12 and IFN-gamma in HeLa cells increased significantly (P<0.01). The transcription level of transcription factor NF-kappa B (P65) also increased (P<0.05), and immunofluorescence showed that the nuclear penetration rate of p65 subunit of NF-kappa B (P65) in each group increased (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Phellodendron amurense extract can inhibit HSV-1 by inhibiting the transcription of viral functional protein and promoting the expression of cellular immune factors.

Osthole inhibits HIV gpl20 induced neuropathic pain by down-regulating P2X3 receptor in DRG / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate whether osthole can alleviate neuropathic pain induced by HIV gpl20 and its mechanism. Methods The paw withdrawal threshold and the paw withdrawal latency were observed to assess pain behaviors in four groups of the rats, including sham group, sham combined with osthole treatment group, gpl20 treatment group, and gpl20 combined with osthole treatment group. The protein expression levels of the P2X3 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-a receptor (TNF-aR), ERK, p-ERK in the L4-L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were measured by Western blot. The mRNA expression level of P2X3 receptor was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qPCR). The whole path clamp recording was used to measure HEK293 cell current activated by ATP. Results Osthole attenuated the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in gpl20 treated rats and down-regulated P2X3 receptor mRNA and protein expression in L4-L6 DRGs of gpl20 treated rats. Additionally, osthole simultaneously decreased the expression of TNF-ctR protein in L4-L6 DRGs and inhibited the phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein expression. Moreover, osthole reduced ATP activated current of HEK293 cells transfected with hP2X3R. Conclusion Osthole decreases the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by gpl20 through inhibiting P2X3R in DRG.